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Santa Maria dell'Orto is a Roman Catholic church in the Rione of Trastevere in Rome (Italy). It is the national church of Japan in Rome. == History == The church rises in the middle of the area that, since about 508 BC, was called ''Prata Mutia'' ("Fields of Mutius"). This refers to the plot of land where the Etruscan king Porsena had set his encampment, and that later the Roman Senate donated to Mucius Scaevola as a sign of gratitude of Rome for his heroic act.〔Ridolfino Venuti, ''Accurata e succinta descrizione topografica delle antichità di Roma'', vol. 2, page 198; Rome 1824〕 The origins of the church are associated to a miracle, that is supposed to have happened circa 1488. A sick farmer, afflicted with a serious palsy according to oral history, was healed after praying a picture of the Virgin Mary painted close to the entrance to his own market garden. The event led to popular worship for the picture, and subsequently a small votive chapel was erected, soon followed by a greater church, funded by 12 professional associations (''Università'').〔For a detailed description of the history of the church and his ''Università'', see (''Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai giorni nostri'' ) by Gaetano Moroni (1857), pages 190 and following.〕 In 1492 Pope Alexander VI allowed the establishment of a confraternity and in 1588 (with a brief dated 20 March) Pope Sixtus V declared it "Archconfraternity" and bestowed on it the rare privilege to ask once a year – during the titular feast – the pardon of a man condemned to death. During the 1825 Jubilee, as attested by Gaetano Moroni in his ''Dictionary of historic-ecclesiastical erudition'', it was eventually honored with the title of ''Venerable''. The Archconfraternity status granted the authority to aggregate other Confraternities wherever erected in the world; therefore, during the 1600 Jubilee – through a notary deep dated 30 April – it was aggregated to the Confraternity of the Oratory of Nostra Signora di Castello, established in Savona in 1260. Construction was begun in 1489 by an unknown architect and completed in 1567. Its façade is largely ascribed to Vignola (though sometimes attributed to Martino Longhi the Elder〔Luciano Zeppegno and Roberto Mattonelli, ''Le chiese di Roma'', p. 135〕), while the interior is a work by Guidetto Guidetti, a renowned pupil of Michelangelo, who transformed the former Greek-cross design (with four apses) into a Latin-cross structure with three naves. The church houses works of art by the brothers Federico and Taddeo Zuccari, Corrado Giaquinto and Giovanni Baglione. The church is still guarded by the Archconfraternity of S. Maria dell'Orto〔Its Camerlengo, since 2005, is Domenico Rotella.〕 that, due to the seniority of its papal establishment, is the most ancient of the Confraternities consecrated to the Holy Virgin still active in Rome and one of the first ones overall.〔Antonio Martini, Matizia Maroni Lumbroso - ''Le Confraternite romane nelle loro chiese'' - Marco Besso Foundation, Rome 1963〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Santa Maria dell'Orto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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